Effect of diurnal temperature difference on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi in 2019-2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the effect of diurnal temperature difference on hospitalization volume of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi City. Methods The daily hospitalization data for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi City from 2019-2021, and meteorological and pollutant data for the same period were collected. The relationship between diurnal temperature range and hospitalizations for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was analyzed using a distribution lag non-linear model (DLNM), controlling for the long-term trends, the day-of-week effects and other factors. Results The greater the diurnal temperature range, the longer the lag time, and the higher the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The lag effect increased significantly when the maximum diurnal temperature range reached 21.0°C. The risk effect appeared on the day of exposure and lasted until day 20, with a maximum RR of 1.266 (95% CI: 1.129-1.421) at a lag of 13 days. At very high diurnal temperature range, the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in the cold season than that in the warm season. Results after stratified analysis by sex and age showed that men and people aged ≥65 years were more susceptible to diurnal temperature range. Conclusion Extremely high diurnal temperature range is a potential trigger for hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi. Men and people aged ≥65 years are more vulnerable to the impact of diurnal temperature range. In the cold season, more attention should be paid to protecting vulnerable people from the impact of the extremely high diurnal temperature difference.

Correlation between four limbs perfusion index and lactic acid in patients with severe neurological diseases / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the correlation between the four limbs perfusion index (PI) and blood lactic acid in patients with neurosis, and evaluate the predictive value of PI on microcirculation perfusion metabolic disorder in patients with neurosis.@*METHODS@#A prospective observational study was conducted. Adult patients admitted to the department of neurological intensive care unit (NICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 1 to August 20 in 2020 were enrolled. Under the condition of indoor temperature controlled at 25 centigrade, all patients were placed in the supine position, and the blood pressure, heart rate, PI of both fingers and thumb toes and arterial blood lactic acid were measured within 24 hours and 24-48 hours after NICU. The difference of four limbs PI at different time periods and its correlation with lactic acid were compared. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive value of four limbs PI on patients with microcirculatory perfusion metabolic disorder.@*RESULTS@#A total of 44 patients with neurosis were enrolled, including 28 males and 16 females; average age (61.2±16.5) years old. There were no significant differences in PI of the left index finger and the right index finger [2.57 (1.44, 4.79) vs. 2.70 (1.25, 5.33)], PI of the left toe and the right toe [2.09 (0.85, 4.76) vs. 1.88 (0.74, 4.32)] within 24 hours after entering the NICU, and the PI of the left index finger and the right index finger [3.17 (1.49, 5.07) vs. 3.14 (1.33, 5.36)], PI of the left toe and the right toe [2.07 (0.75, 5.20) vs. 2.07 (0.68, 4.67)] at 24-48 hours after NICU admission (all P > 0.05). However, compared to the PI of the upper and lower limbs on the same side, except for the 24-48 hours after ICU of the PI difference between the left index finger and the left toe (P > 0.05), the PI of the toe was lower than that of the index finger at the other time periods (all P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the PI value of four limbs of patients in both time periods were significantly negatively correlated with arterial blood lactic acid (the r values of the left index finger, the right index finger, the left toe and the right toe were -0.549, -0.482, -0.392 and -0.343 respectively within 24 hours after entering the NICU; the r values of the left index finger, the right index finger, the left toe and the right toe were -0.331, -0.292, -0.402 and -0.442 respectively after entering the NICU 24-48 hours, all P < 0.05). Taking lactic acid ≥ 2 mmol/L as the diagnostic standard for metabolic disorder of microcirculation perfusion (total 27 times, accounting for 30.7%). The efficacy of four limbs PI in predicting microcirculation perfusion metabolic disorder were compared. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of left index finger, right index finger, left toe and right toe predicting microcirculation perfusion metabolic disorder were 0.729 (0.609-0.850), 0.767 (0.662-0.871), 0.722 (0.609-0.835), 0.718 (0.593-0.842), respectively. There was no significant difference in AUC compare with each other (all P > 0.05). The cut-off value of PI of right index finger for predicting microcirculation perfusion metabolic disorder was 2.46, the sensitivity was 70.4%, the specificity was 75.4%, the positive likelihood ratio was 2.86, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.30.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are no significant differences in PI of bilateral index fingers, bilateral toes in patients with neurosis. However, unilateral upper and lower limbs showed lower PI in the toe than in the index finger. There is a significantly negatively correlation between PI and arterial blood lactic acid in all four limbs. PI can predict the metabolic disorder of microcirculation perfusion, and its cut-off value is 2.46.

Research Progress on Molecular Changes in Pulmonary Hypoxia and Cause of Death Identification in Mechanical Asphyxia / 法医学杂志

Lung is the largest organ of the respiratory system. During hypoxia, pulmonary cells undergo rapid damage changes and activate the self-rescue pathways, thus leading to complex biomacromolecule modification. Death from mechanical asphyxia refers to death due to acute respiratory disorder caused by mechanical violence. Because of the absence of characteristic signs in corpse, the accurate identification of mechanical asphyxia has always been the difficulty in forensic pathology. This paper reviews the biomacromolecule changes under the pulmonary hypoxia condition and discusses the possibility of application of these changes to accurate identification of death from mechanical asphyxia, aiming to provide new ideas for related research.

Research on the allocation efficiency of primary medical and health institutions in China based on data envelopment analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the input and output status of health resources in primary medical and health institutions and their allocation efficiency in different regions of China, and to provide an empirical basis for optimizing the allocation of primary medical and health resources in China among regions.Methods:The input index data (number of beds and number of health personnel) and output index data (number of primary medical and health institutions visits, number of family health services, number of hospital admissions) of primary medical and health institutions in China in 2020 were extracted from the China Health Statistical Yearbook 2021. Based on the BCC ( Banker, Charnes, Cooper) model of data envelopment analysis ( DEA), the Bootstrap- DEA method was used to correct bias, the allocation efficiency of primary medical and health resources in 31 provinces was calculated and the regional differences were analyzed. Results:After bias correction, the technical efficiency (TE) of resource allocation in primary medical and health institutions decreased by 0.102. The average TE score of all 31 primary medical and health institutions was 0.669, indicating a serious problem of ineffective use of technology. The TE of the eastern, central and western regions was 0.694, 0.663, and 0.649 respectively. There was obvious polarization in the central regions.Further analysis of the efficiency improvement of non DEA efficient provinces showed that 2 DEA weakly efficient provinces and 16 DEA ineffective provinces had several reference provinces for efficiency configuration improvement; The provinces that have been referenced more than 10 times were Zhejiang, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Ningxia, while the provinces that were listed as the first reference by other provinces were Ningxia, Chongqing, Zhejiang, and Tibet.Conclusions:The resource allocation efficiency of primary medical and health institutions in China is relatively low, and regional differences are obvious. The balance between different inputs and outputs should be considered when allocating the resources. Non DEA effective provinces can use DEA analysis to find the most suitable reference object and make reference improvements in the short term.

A study on the effect evaluation of virtual reality on workplace employees' emotional optimization / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of emotional optimization of workplace employees in immersive virtual natural environment. Methods: In July 2020, 15 subjects were selected to complete two groups of treadmill walking training experiments in virtual natural environment and daily environment respectively. At the same time, the subjects' skin electrical (EDA) , pulse frequency (Pf) , respiratory frequency (Rf) physiological data and Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) data before and after walking were collected; the mean value of three dimensions of SAM and the emotion difference before and after the experiment were calculated. The differences of physiological indexes and subjective mood changes of subjects were tested by paired sample t-test. Results: Compared with the daily environment, the ΔEDA, ΔPf and ΔRf of the subjects in the virtual natural environment were all decreased , and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in pleasure and arousal between subjects before and after using the virtual natural environment (P <0.05). Compared with the daily environment, the Δpleasure degree of subjects using the virtual natural environment increased, and the Δarousal degree and Δdominance degree decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Walking in virtual natural environment can help subjects improve their mood, relax and improve the regulation ability of autonomic nervous system.

Molecular Mechanism of Jingfang Mixture Against H1N1 Influenza Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo predict the potential targets and mechanism of Jingfang mixture in the treatment of H1N1 influenza and provide references for clinical application of Jingfang mixture. MethodThe active components and targets of Jingfang mixture against H1N1 influenza were screened out by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP），SwissTargetPrediction， and TargetNet. The targets of H1N1 influenza were obtained from GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and DisGeNET and standardized by UniProt KB. The intersection targets were obtained by Venny 2.1.0. The "drug-component-target" network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.2.1 and analyzed for the topological attributes. The intersection targets were uploaded to STRING 11.5 to obtain the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Gene Ontology （GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analysis were carried out by Metascape. Finally，the top active components ranked by degree were docked to the core targets by Autodock vina and visually analyzed by PyMOL. Balb/c female rats were used for experimental verification. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-10（IL-10）， and interleukin-17（IL-17）. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels in lung tissues. ResultThere were 144 active components in Jingfang mixture. A total of 421 target genes of Jingfang mixture and 2 956 targets of H1N1 influenza were identified，including 199 common targets. Topological analysis showed that the core components of Jingfang mixture against H1N1 influenza included quercetin，luteolin， and kaempferol，and the core targets included prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2），estrogen receptor alpha（ESR1），inducible nitric oxide synthase 2（iNOS2），peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ（PPARγ），and cyclooxygenase-1（PTGS1）. GO enrichment yielded 697 items in biological process （BP） （P<0.01）， 59 items in molecular function （MF）（P<0.01）， and 21 items in cellular component （CC） （P<0.01）. A total of 132 signaling pathways （P<0.01） were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis， including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway，most of which were related to the regulation of immune inflammation. Molecular docking showed that the binding energy of the active components of Jingfang mixture to the core targets was less than -5.0 kcal·mol-1，indicating good binding activity. HE staining showed that the lung tissues were significantly improved after drug intervention，and Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that Jingfang mixture could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of PI3K and Akt in lung tissues. ConclusionJingfang mixture can play an anti-viral effect against the influenza A virus through multiple components，multiple targets， and multiple pathways. The active components quercetin，luteolin， and kaempferol may control the inflammation and regulate immunity on the PI3K/Akt，MAPK， and other signaling pathways by acting on targets such as PTGS2，ESR1，iNOS2，PPARγ， and PTGS1.

Tetrahydropalmatine alleviated diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting activation of microglia via p38 MAPK signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

Neuropathic pain is one of the common complications of diabetes. Tetrahydropalmatine(THP) is a main active component of Corydalis Rhizoma with excellent anti-inflammatory and pain-alleviating properties. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of THP on diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP) and the underlying mechanism. High-fat and high-sugar diet(4 weeks) and streptozotocin(STZ, 35 mg·kg~(-1), single intraperitoneal injection) were employed to induce type-2 DNP in rats. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to induce the activation of BV2 microglia in vitro to establish an inflammatory cellular model. Fasting blood glucose(FBG) was measured by a blood glucose meter. Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) was assessed with von Frey filaments, and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) with hot plate apparatus. The protein expression levels of OX42, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), CD206, p38, and p-p38 were determined by Western blot, the fluorescence expression levels of OX42 and p-p38 in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord by immunofluorescence, the mRNA content of p38 and OX42 in rat spinal cord tissue by qRT-PCR, and levels of nitric oxide(NO), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-10(IL-10), and serum fasting insulin(FINS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). RESULTS:: showed that the mo-del group demonstrated significant decrease in MWT and TWL, with pain symptoms. THP significantly improved the MWT and TWL of DNP rats, inhibited the activation of microglia and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rat spinal cord, and ameliorated its inflammatory response. Meanwhile, THP promoted the change of LPS-induced BV2 microglia from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, suppressed the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, decreased the expression levels of inflammatory factors NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and increased the expression level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. The findings suggested that THP can significantly ameliorate the pain symptoms of DNP rats possibly by inhibiting the inflammatory response caused by M1 polarization of microglia via the p38 MAPK pathway.

Mechanism of Sanhuang Decoction in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in mice with Candida albicans colonization:based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the mechanism of Sanhuang Decoction(SHD) in treating dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC) in mice with Candida albicans(Ca) colonization via high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. Specifically, the animal model was established by oral administration of 3.0% DSS for 7 days followed by intragastrical administration of Ca suspension at 1.0 × 10~8 cells for 4 days and then the mice were treated with SHD enema for 7 days. Afterwards, the general signs were observed and the disease activity index(DAI) was recorded every day. After mice were sacrificed, colon length and colon mucosa damage index(CMDI) were determined and the histomorphology was observed with the HE staining method. The fungal loads of feces were detected with the plate method. Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody(ASCA) and β-1,3-glucan in serum, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and colon were detected by ELISA. High-throughput RNA sequencing method was adopted to identify transcriptome of colon tissues from the control, model and SHD(15.0 g·kg~(-1)) groups. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs) among groups were screened and the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed. The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β genes related to the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway which involved 9 DEGs, were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results demonstrated that SHD improved the general signs, decreased DAI and Ca loads of feaces, alleviated colon edema, erosion, and shortening, and lowered the content of β-1,3-glucan in serum and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and colon tissues of mice. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 383 DEGs between SHD and model groups, which were mainly involved in the biological processes of immune system, response to bacterium, and innate immune response. They were mainly enriched in the NOD-like signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine interaction pathway, and retinol metabolism pathway. Moreover, SHD down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β. In a word, SHD ameliorates DSS-induced UC in mice colonized with Ca, which probably relates to its regulation of NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.

Analysis of spectrum-activity relationship among antioxidant parts of Lycii Fructus using three different chemometrics methods / 中国中药杂志

The chemical components of Lycii Fructus were analyzed by liquid chromatography( LC) and mass spectrometry( MS for the establishment of spectrum-activity relationship,on the basis of which its antioxidant active ingredients were determined. In this experiment,Lycii Fructus was extracted with different solvents and then separated into 80 samples by macroporous adsorption resin and reversed-phase chromatography,respectively. The antioxidant components were enriched into 11 samples and their scavenging abilities against DPPH free radical and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power( FRAP) were significantly stronger than those before the treatment( P<0. 05). The spectrum-activity relationship regarding the antioxidant activity in vitro of Lycii Fructus was established by Pearson correlation analysis,orthogonal partial least squares( OPLS) and elastic net regression. Six chromatographic peaks greatly contributing to the antioxidant activity in vitro of Lycii Fructus were identified as rutin( P6),quercetin( P35),scopoletin( P14),N-cis-feruloyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-tyramine or N-( 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-trans-feruloyl)-tyramine( P8), ferulic acid( P13) and1,3,5-dihydroxy-2-isoprenyl-3-xanthone( P23). The active components associated with free radical scavenging were rutin and quercetin both belonging to flavonoids. The reduction of Fe3+was based on phenylpropanoids such as ferulic acid,scopoletin,xanthone and phenolic amides. These results indicated that the antioxidant activity of Lycii Fructus was ascribed to the synergistic action of different products through different ways. Besides,the data analysis model should be chosen carefully for the establishment of spectrum-activity relationship,thus ensuring the reliability of results.

Analysis of iodine nutrition monitoring results of residents in Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province in 2019 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To master the current status of iodine nutrition of residents in Tongchuan City and provide basis for policy adjustment of relevant department.Methods:In 2019, the cross-sectional survey method was used to divide 5 sampling areas in the 4 districts (counties) of Tongchuan City according to the east, west, south, north, and middle, and each area sampled 1 township (street, including at least 1 street), each township (street) selected one elementary school, each elementary school selected 42 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10, and each township (street) selected 21 pregnant women as the survey subjects. Home salt samples and urine samples were collected, salt iodine and urinary iodine were monitored, and thyroid examinations were performed on students.Results:A total of 1 260 salt samples were collected, including 2 non-iodized salt and 1 240 qualified iodized salt; the median salt iodine was 24.32 mg/kg; the coverage rate of iodized salt, the qualified rate of iodized salt, and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt were 99.84% (1 258/1 260), 98.57% (1 240/1 258) and 98.41% (1 240/1 260), respectively. A total of 840 urine samples were collected from students, the median urinary iodine was 196.19 μg/L. The medians urinary iodine of students aged 8, 9, and 10 were 182.59, 222.16, and 190.36 μg/L, respectively. The median urinary iodine of male and female students were 211.27 and 186.76 μg/L. A total of 840 students were tested for thyroid, thyroid rate was 1.79% (15/840) by B-ultrasound. A total of 420 urine samples were tested of pregnant women. The median urinary iodine was 155.05 μg/L. The medians urinary iodine of pregnant women in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy were 166.79, 176.11 and 129.82 μg/L, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in urine iodine content of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods ( H = 9.317, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of residents in Tongchuan City is generally suitable. Pregnant women's urinary iodine shows iodine deficiency in the third trimester. Monitoring of iodine nutrition of pregnant women should be strengthened, classified guidance and scientific iodine supplementation should be adhered, to ensure the appropriate level of iodine nutrition for pregnant women.

Clinical and Cytogenetical Characteristics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) based on morphology define.@*METHODS@#A total of 180 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed, and marrow cell morphology of 126 patients were re-evaluated. The clinical and cytogenetic characteristics, including ages, sex, WBC count, HGB level, PLT count, blasts percentage, abnormal karyotype detection rate of the patients in AML with multilineage dysplasia (AML-MRC-1), secondary AML from myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) (AML-MRC-2), and AML not otherwise specified (AML-NOS) groups were investigated.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant differences between the patients in three groups in terms of sex, age and platelet count (P=0.898, P=0.365, P=0.853), but AML-MRC-2 group (73.2%) was higher than AML-MRC-1 (60.0%) and AML-NOS (56.4%) in the percentages of patients over 60 years old (P=0.228); there were statistically significant differences on WBC count, HGB level, and blasts percentage (P=0.000, P=0.022, P=0.000, AML-MRC-2

Mutational analysis of the / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

As a crucial transcription factor for spermatogenesis, GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) plays important roles in the functioning of Sertoli and Leydig cells. Conditional knockout of GATA4 in mice results in age-dependent testicular atrophy and loss of fertility. However, whether GATA4 is associated with human azoospermia has not been reported. Herein, we analyzed the GATA4 gene by direct sequencing of samples obtained from 184 Chinese men with idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). We identified a missense mutation (c.191G>A, p.G64E), nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and one rare variant (c.

Therapeutic effect of cinnamaldehyde on ulcerative colitis in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium with Candida albicans colonization and its effect on dectin-1/TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

To observe the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC) with Can-dida albicans(Ca) colonization and its effect on dectin-1/TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, DSS group, DSS+Ca group, cinnamaldehyde group and mesalazine group. Mice in DSS+Ca group were given Ca(1×10~8 CFU per mouse) through intragastrical administration for 4 consecutive days and then distilled water with 3.0% DSS for 7 consecutive days. In cinnamaldehyde group and mesalazine group, in addition to the induction method of the DSS+Ca group, mice were given 75 mg·kg~(-1) cinnamaldehyde and 200 mg·kg~(-1) mesalazine accompanied with 3.0% DSS for 7 consecutive days, respectively. Mice in normal group and DSS group were correspondingly administered with distilled water. The general conditions of the mice were observed daily, the diseased activity index(DAI) score was calculated, and fungal loads of feces were detected by plate method. The mice were sacrificed on day 12, colon length was measured, colon mucosa damage index(CMDI) score was calculated, and histopathological analysis was carried out by HE staining. Anti-saccharomces cerevisiae antibody(ASCA) and β-1,3-glucan in serum, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in serum and colon tissue were detected by ELISA. The contents of β-1,3-glucan and macrophage infiltration in colon tissues were examined by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expressions of dectin-1, TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde could significantly improve the general conditions of UC mice with Ca colonization, decrease DAI and histopathological scores, reduce intestinal mucosal congestion, erosion and colon shortening, decrease Ca load in mouse feces and tissues, down-regulate the contents of ASCA and β-1,3-glucan in serum, reduce the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and increase IL-10 in serum and colon tissues, inhibit macrophages infiltration and down-regulate the protein expression of dectin-1, TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB in colon tissue. These results suggested that cinnamaldehyde had a therapeutic effect on UC mice with Ca colonization, which might be related to the inhibition of Ca proliferation, the regulation of dectin-1/TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathways and the coordination of the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors.

Reform of courses for microbial genetics and breeding / 生物工程学报

Microbial genetics and breeding is a compulsory course for "Bioengineering Excellence Talents Experimental Class" and "Bioengineering International Student Class". However, the traditional teaching model has many deficiencies in terms of content selection, teaching methods and examination forms. At Tianjin University of Science and Technology, to improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching, especially in the field of microbiology, innovative leaders who meet the needs of national and international communities are highly needed. This article describes the reformed teaching content, teaching methods, and curriculum assessment methods of microbial genetics and breeding. With the help of the latest scientific research progress, pre-class preview system, video display, and diversified assessment methods, teaching mode has been innovatively reformed. As such, students not only mastered the relevant professional knowledge of microbial genetics and breeding, but also exercised their subjective initiative, teamwork consciousness, professional foreign language expression level, and cultivated their interest in scientific knowledge related to microbial genetics.

Phase II Study of Preoperative IntraArterial Epirubicin, Etoposide, and Oxaliplatin Combined with Oral S-1 Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Borrmann Type 4 Gastric Cancer

Purpose@#A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative, intra-arterial perfusion of epirubicin, etoposide, and oxaliplatin combined with oral chemotherapy S-1 (SEEOX) for the treatment of type 4 gastric cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#A single-center, single-arm phase II trial was conducted on 36 patients with histologically proven type 4 gastric cancer without distant peritoneal or organ metastasis. Patients received 3, 21-day courses of SEEOX preoperative chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcomes assessed were chemotherapeutic response, radical resection rate, pathological regression, toxicities, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. @*Results@#All patients were at an advanced stage of cancer (stage III or IV) and completed the entire course of treatment. Based on changes in tumor volume and peritoneal metastasis, the objective response rate was 55.6% (20/36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 38.5%–72.6%) and the disease control rate was 69.4% (25/36; 95% CI, 53.6%–85.3%). The radical resection rate was 75% (27/36; 95% CI, 60.1%–89.9%) and the proportion of R0 resections was 66.7% (21/36; 95% CI, 50.5%–82.8%). The pathological response rate was 33.3%, of which 13.9% showed complete pathological regression. The median survival was 27.1 months (95% CI, 22.24–31.97 months), and the 2-year OS was 48.5% (95% CI, 30.86%–66.1%). @*Conclusions@#Preoperative SEEOX is a safe and effective treatment for type 4 gastric cancer. Based on these preliminary data, a phase III study will be conducted to confirm the superiority of this regimen over standard treatment.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02949258

Phase II Study of Preoperative IntraArterial Epirubicin, Etoposide, and Oxaliplatin Combined with Oral S-1 Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Borrmann Type 4 Gastric Cancer

Purpose@#A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative, intra-arterial perfusion of epirubicin, etoposide, and oxaliplatin combined with oral chemotherapy S-1 (SEEOX) for the treatment of type 4 gastric cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#A single-center, single-arm phase II trial was conducted on 36 patients with histologically proven type 4 gastric cancer without distant peritoneal or organ metastasis. Patients received 3, 21-day courses of SEEOX preoperative chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary outcomes assessed were chemotherapeutic response, radical resection rate, pathological regression, toxicities, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. @*Results@#All patients were at an advanced stage of cancer (stage III or IV) and completed the entire course of treatment. Based on changes in tumor volume and peritoneal metastasis, the objective response rate was 55.6% (20/36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 38.5%–72.6%) and the disease control rate was 69.4% (25/36; 95% CI, 53.6%–85.3%). The radical resection rate was 75% (27/36; 95% CI, 60.1%–89.9%) and the proportion of R0 resections was 66.7% (21/36; 95% CI, 50.5%–82.8%). The pathological response rate was 33.3%, of which 13.9% showed complete pathological regression. The median survival was 27.1 months (95% CI, 22.24–31.97 months), and the 2-year OS was 48.5% (95% CI, 30.86%–66.1%). @*Conclusions@#Preoperative SEEOX is a safe and effective treatment for type 4 gastric cancer. Based on these preliminary data, a phase III study will be conducted to confirm the superiority of this regimen over standard treatment.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02949258

Epidemiological features of rabies and molecular evolution characteristics of the rabies virus strains in Xishuangbanna prefecture of Yunnan province, China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To understand the epidemiologic features of the rabies in Xishuang banna prefecture of Yunnan province, China in 2008-2017 and the viral molecular-evolution characteristics.@*Methods@#The data of rabies case questionnaire were collected. The brain tissue samples from mad dogs, suspicious sick dogs and human brain tissue, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid samples from rabies patients were collected in Xishuangbanna. Coding region of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the relevant bioinformatics software.@*Results@#A total of 62 cases of human rabies were occurred in 28 districts of the 3 counties, Xishuangbanna prefecture in 2008-2017. Of them, 37 cases in Jinghong county, 15 in Menghai county and 10 in Mengla county. In which 48 cases were bitten by domestic dogs (77.42%), 11 cases were bitten by wild dogs (17.74%). Rabies case was occurred every year in the past decade. The seasonal incidence was not obvious. The majority of patients were aged from 30 to 59 years-old, with the youngest 1 year-old and the eldest 91 year-old. The male to female ratio was 1.70∶1, most cases were farmers. The nucleotide sequences of nucleoprotein gene of 9 virus strains (7 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from the samples of dogs and patients. Homology and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the 5 strains belonged to clade China-Ⅰ, 3 clade China-Ⅱ and 1 clade China-Ⅵ. The nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein gene of 5 virus strains (3 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from these positive samples, and all were clade China-Ⅰ, it is same with nucleoprotein genes analysis result from these 5 virus strains. These China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ strains from Xishuangbanna have a closer genetic relationship with same clade strains isolated from Pu’er and other prefectures of Yunnan province as well as Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi. The China-Ⅵ strain from Xishuangbanna share high homology and genetic relationship with China-Ⅵ strains isolated from southwestern Yunnan and neighbouring countries such as Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in recent years.@*Conclusions@#In Xishuangbanna, rabies mainly occurred in rural area and domestic dog was the main source of transmission. These RABV clades China-Ⅰ, China-Ⅱ and China-Ⅵ were found in this region and the China-Ⅰ was principal clade. The transmission source of China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ were from adjacent areas in the province and China-Ⅵ was from Myanmar and Laos.

Research Progress of Laportea bulbifera / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The research literature of Laportea bulbifera was summarized and analyzed, and its distribution of literature, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, quality control, clinical application and patent approval were summarized, this study can provide reference for the follow-up clinical application and development and utilization of the herb. Taking CNKI and PubMed database as the retrieval platform, keywords and full text as the search items, the Honghema, Honghuoma, Zhuya Aima, Laportea bulbifera (Siebold & Zuccarini) Weddell. and Laportea bulbifera as the search terms, the domestic and foreign paper reports and patent approvals of L. bulbifera from 1989 to 2018 were retrieved. A total of 41 papers and 63 patents were reviewed, the contents of these papers were pharmacological activity, chemical composition and quality control research, the majority of patents were compound. At present, 73 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from L. bulbifera, and most of them were flavonoids. Flavonoids, catechins and coumarins were selected as the quality control indexes, and most of the pharmacological activities were anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-rheumatism. L. bulbifera is highly competitive in the market because of its remarkable pharmacological activities, however, its quality control level in local standard is low and testing items are incomplete. The determination reported in the literature lacks specific indexes to evaluate the quality of L. bulbifera, at the same time, it is necessary to further study its anti-inflammatory mechanism, explore its quality markers and establish the spectrum-effect relationship, so as to effectively control the quality of L. bulbifera and provide documentation for its comprehensive utilization and resource development.

Essence of early gastric cancer and confusion in clinical practic / 中国实用外科杂志

Staging is a subjective assessment of objective progress of gastric cancer by doctors.However, the progress of gastric cancer is the result of tumor breaking through the limitation of immunity according to its inherent characteristics.The subjective evaluation methods are difficult to fully reflect the progress of gastric cancer. From the beginning of the concept of early gastric cancer to the wide application of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) in clinic, the biggest puzzle is how to exclude lymph node metastasis. So far, it has not been satisfactorily solved. Therefore, in all previous Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines, the indications of ESD must be accompanied by the evaluation and treatment after endoscopic resection for possible residual cancer. Comprehending the essence of early gastric cancer and the related factors affecting its progress will help us to improve the quality of treatment for early gastric cancer and benefit patients.

Cloning and characterization of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase genes in Arisaema heterophyllum / 中国中药杂志

Chalcone synthase( CHS) and chalcone isomerase( CHI) are key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids. In this study,unigenes for CHS and CHI were screened from the transcriptome database of Arisaema heterophyllum. The open reading frame( ORFs) of chalcone synthase( Ah CHS) and chalcone isomerase( Ah CHI) were cloned from the plant by RT-PCR. The physicochemical properties,expression and structure characteristics of the encoded proteins Ah CHS and Ah CHI were analyzed. The ORFs of Ah CHS and Ah CHI were 1 176,630 bp in length and encoded 392,209 amino acids,respectively. Ah CHS functioned as a symmetric homodimer. The N-terminal helix of one monomer entwined with the corresponding helix of another monomer. Each CHS monomer consisted of two structural domains. In particular,four conserved residues define the active site. The tertiary structure of Ah CHI revealed a novel open-faced β-sandwich fold. A large β-sheet( β4-β11) and a layer of α-helices( α1-α7) comprised the core structure. The residues spanning β4,β5,α4,and α6 in the three-dimensional structure were conserved among CHIs from different species. Notably,these structural elements formed the active site on the protein surface,and the topology of the active-site cleft defined the stereochemistry of the cyclization reaction. The homology comparison showed that Ah CHS had the highest similarity to the CHS of Anthurium andraeanum,while Ah CHI had the highest similarity to the CHI of Paeonia delavayi. This study provided the basis for the functional study of Ah CHS and Ah CHI and the further study on plant flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.